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Brussels massacre
The Brussels massacre was an anti-Semitic episode in Brussels in 1370 in connection with an alleged host desecration at the Brussels synagogue. A number of Jews, variously given as six or about twenty,〔''Au nom de l'antisionisme: l'image des Juifs et d'Israël dans la ... '' p27 Joël Kotek, Dan Kotek - 2005 "Des émeutes antijuives s'ensuivent. La profanation de l'hostie, que les chrétiens identifient à la personne même du Christ, serait la répétition du crime du calvaire. En 1370, une vingtaine de Juifs sont brûlés à Bruxelles."〕 were executed or otherwise killed, while the rest of the small community was banished.〔 The event was commemorated by local Christians as the Sacrament of Miracle,〔C. Caspers and T. Brekelmans, "The Power of Prayer and the Agnus Dei", in ''Popular religion, liturgy and evangelizaton'', edited by Jozef Lamberts (Studies in Liturgy 15; Leuven, 1998), p. 67: "the famous Sacrament of Miracle at Brussels"〕〔''Religious and Theological Abstracts'', vols. 26-27 (1983), p. 188: "the tendentious nature of the accusation and the legendary character of the so called Sacrament of Miracle"〕 as it was said that the desecrated hosts stabbed by a Jew had miraculously shed blood and been otherwise unharmed. The cult of the putative miracle survived until after the Second World War.〔
==Background==
Black Death Jewish persecutions had previously destroyed Brussels' community in 1350.〔The Encyclopedia of Jewish Life Before and During the Holocaust: A-J p204 Shmuel Spector, Geoffrey Wigoder - 2001 -"BRUSSELS ( Fr. Bruxelles) capital of Belgium. Jews are believed to have lived in B. from the middle of the 13th cent. ... The community revived later, but another massacre followed in 1370 in the wake of a Host desecration libel."〕 Host desecration was a common anti-Semitic canard in medieval Europe, and the wafers the Jews were supposed to have tried to profane were often said to have been miraculously spared from harm.〔 In 1369, two priests in Brussels were arrested for usury and turned over to the ecclesiastical tribunal of the Church of Saints Michael and Gudula (now the cathedral) for investigation: it transpired that they had attempted to circumvent usury prohibitions by lending money to a Jew named Mesterman who in turn lent it out at interest. The clerical usury scandal in Brussels was the immediate context of the accusations of host desecration.〔
According to Premonstratensian historian Placide Lefèvre, contemporary treasury records indicate that there were eight Jewish households in Brussels and two in Leuven.
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